Human Resource Development

The present report is based on Sainsbury, which is the largest supermarket in the retail sector of the UK and provides various products and services to customers. Further, it also tells about various learning styles and the role of a learning curve, which helps employees do their work properly (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Moreover, different training methods have also been discussed in the report, which are required at different levels of the organization. Along with this, the role of government in training and development programs and lifelong learning has been studied as well.

TASK 1  

1.1

Different methods of learning styles can be used by the manager of Sainsbury. It helps employees to perform their tasks properly for the achievement of business objectives. The manager can use different learning styles given by Honey and Mumford. These are explained below:

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Activist: In this learning style, people learn by doing the tasks practically in organizations. The employees have this much capability to tackle their problems. The people learn new experiences from others, which increases their knowledge also. In an organization, the manager provides different activities to people so that they can learn more by doing discussions, competitions, solving puzzles, etc. This activist theory provides many activities to people to increase their knowledge (Avey et. al., 2011). For example, if the leaders are providing training to new and existing employees in terms of conducting activities, then it will also increase the knowledge of staff for appropriately performing their work.

Theorist: In this, people are crucial to understand the theory behind the actions. Generally, people need some models, concepts, or facts that help them to get engaged in the learning process. Therefore, many activities are involved in this theory like stories, quotes, models, etc. Many people learn things through logic. Through this, it will be easy for them to attain the take appropriately.

Pragmatist: People need to know how to put the learning process into practice in the real world. The time has been given to people to learn how to apply the learning in reality. People try new ideas and theories to see whether they will work or not.

Reflector: This learning theory is good for those people who are good observers and think about what is going to happen. Most people prefer experience, which is different in the form of perspective and collecting data (Bratton and Gold, 2012).

About myself: From the learning outcomes, I have increased my knowledge in different fields. Through this, it will develop my learning in a better manner. There are many learning styles, such as reflective and pragmatic, that help me to increase my knowledge and skills at work. My self-confidence is also increased and it motivates me to adopt different learning styles to increase my knowledge.

1.2

In Sainsbury, members have to perform several tasks many times. Manager of this company increases the level of performance of people because they observe that whether they are doing their work properly or not. Along with this, the learning curve can be shown on the graph, and it shows the relationship between time spent and the level of competence achieved. The learning curve plays a significant role in analyzing or evaluating the cost. This curve also helps employees understand how these curves will be used. This curve explains the cost, experience, or productive curve in organizations. Through this curve, managers can measure employee's ability to accomplish the organization's objectives. By understanding different learning styles, employees can plot an effective training program in the company. To maximize the profits of the company and utilization of resources, it is important to make sure that employees get motivated (Daley, 2012). Managers of Sainsbury can use the learning curve in two ways, i.e. where the same task is repeated and where a body of knowledge is learned over some time.

Transferring of learning curve at the workplace is beneficial, which helps organizations to hit their targets and to increase the market share to beat the level of competition in the market. With the learning curve, there will be an increase in employees' knowledge and skills, and thus, their performance will improve. Through this, the company can provide attractive services to employees, and therefore, they will be able to deliver the best quality of services to customers. It helps them to retain customers for a long period. The learning curve of employees will increase step by step in how they come to know about how to perform their tasks. This will also benefit employees, which will increase their knowledge and skills about their work. For example, in Sainsbury, there are many employees and staff whose knowledge is increasing step by step and making contributions to achieving the business objectives.

(Source: The Learning Curve, 2017)

1.3

There are different learning styles and theories that help the employees of Sainsbury to understand their organizational culture and factors. The objectives of learning at work will help the employees attain the objectives of the organization. Different factors are connected with various theories in the learning process. Some theories are related to motivating employees and developing their skills. Certain theories use different learning styles that can be used by the managers of enterprises so that they can get the best results in the learning process (Gennaioli et. al., 2013). On the other side, it makes it easier for Sainsbury to teach new and existing employees about the latest techniques and skills. By using these learning styles, it will improve productivity and growth in the workplace. The manager of this company has to perform proper tasks so that they can allocate the work to employees. Managers have to provide training to employees so that they will be able to understand their roles and duties which are needed to be performed in the organization. Hence, through the learning process, employees will be able to perform their tasks properly for the achievement of business objectives.

Learning style helps me as well as employees to develop their human skills and understand the relevance of management factors at work. The contribution of learning style is as follows:

• Different learning styles and theories will help the organization in planning the learning events through which the company can achieve its goals.
• Learning styles should be designed in such a manner that helps the organization achieve the learning goals and targets. At the same time, planning and development also resolve the conflicts between the employees and customers.
• Different learning styles should cover all the responsibilities of employers and managers to get the best possible outcomes.

TASK 2

2.1

In every organization, it is important to provide training to all employees at different levels. The manager has to conduct a training session for new and existing employees so that the company can achieve its objectives within the stipulated period. In Sainsbury, planning and evaluation are important so that the manager can provide training to employees for the attainment of targets In the cited company, there are three levels of organization, and at every level, the manager has to provide training for the improvement of employees performance (Glover et. al., 2011). This helps the company to achieve its targets in a competitive market.

For the staff level of management, managers have to provide off-the-job training so that staff can properly use equipment for the production of goods and services. The staff of this company needs training from time to time so that they can guide their employees in the achievement of business objectives. At this level, top management authority is included because they have the experience to provide the best training to staff.  There are different types of training methods like case studies, group discussion coaching, mentoring, and lectures, so these are the methods that are very helpful in the organization. They are very successive methods for employees to understand the environment and working criteria of the organization and learning is done in a better and more realistic way. Through this employee as well as me, the skills will be improved. While doing the group discussion, I can improve my personal and communication skills.

Customer level: The members of Sainsbury have to provide proper training and development programs so that staff can easily interact with the customers. Managers should have this capability to manage and solve their problems and queries (Gruman and Saks,  2011). It provides how to deal with customers and clients and how to satisfy their requirements in a preferable period For that purpose, specially designed line-level training is provided to the employees and teaches them, for instance, effective dealing and client handling situations like situational analysis related to how to deal with angry customers and how to convince them to overcome the situation. For me, it is important to provide proper training to employees to provide proper services to customers.

Operational level: To manage all business operation activities, the company should provide proper training to employees so that there will be improvement in their performance.  Training provides mentoring to overcome difficult situations and it also maintains the standards of the organization and effectively deals with the employee's learning process, which influences the organization's growth and employee productivity and it visualizes different ideas and concepts that will help the employees and department.

The training needs of different levels of staff are essential and have to be properly analyzed by the managers. For example, the manager has to identify the training needs and at which level the staff needs that across the organization. The training needs to appear at the organizational level. For example, if there is any new arrival of the employee or equipment, the proper training implication should be utilized properly for future needs. The manager has also to develop monitoring techniques in which they can easily provide training at different levels of the organization.  

2.2

The different training method is used by the manager of Sainsbury for improvement of the performance of employees and to increase their knowledge towards their work. Mainly two methods are used in organizations, i.e., on-the-job and off-the-job training methods. Their advantages and disadvantages are as follows:

On-the-job training These trainings are provided at the workplace. This training is given to new and existing employees for the improvement of their performance. This training can be provided through coaching, mentoring, job instructional techniques, and many more (Guest, 2011). The managers can monitor the employees for the development of their attitudes in the organization.

The advantages are as follows:

• It is a simple way of learning. The employees can simply learn their duties and responsibilities and how to complete the task on time.
• A systematic way of learning is more effective than a random way of learning.
• The employees can learn quickly whatever the training has been provided to them.

Disadvantages

• For the manager of Sainsbury, it is difficult to give training to a large number of people at a point in time (Jabbour et. al., 2013).
• It can create doubts and confusion among the employees from day one.
• Sometimes the results of this training are very poor due to the rushed process.
• It may be expensive for the company because they have to conduct time-to-time training sessions for new employees.

As discussed the benefits and harms of training in the above discussion, but forgot to say the basic harm is employee's boredom and tiredness The reason is that some of the employees might not be interested in taking any training sessions due to the long duration of the training program, and they feel like boring and uninterested subjects due to heavy discussion. So employees need to be very active, alert, and attentive in their training schedules. Training provides knowledge about a particular job and also provides responsibility for the work. It gives an idea about how to deal with difficult situations, how to manage time at the workplace, and most importantly, how to live in cooperation with employees, leaders, team members, groups, and customers. In organizations, I have to properly use the method of training so that the knowledge of employees will be increased. With the help of this, employees will make more efforts to achieve the goals of the company. Assignment Writing Service UK

2.3

In Sainsbury's company, training is the most effective method so that employees can systematically do their work. The manager has to identify the goals of the company that should be targeted first and, according to them, provide the training to employees. The systematic approach will be used by the manager to conduct proper training sessions. The following are different approaches of training methods which can be used by managers:

Identify Training needs: The manager has to identify what kind of training employees want in the organization so that they can achieve the goals of the company. The manager has to make proper planning to provide the proper workshops for training (Jiang et. al., 2012).

Identify training objectives. In this, the manager has to provide training according to the employee's capabilities. They can provide education to workers for the better achievement of business objectives.

Selection of training methods: At this business, enterprises have to select the method to provide the proper training to employees. While providing the training, the employees do not face any problems regarding their work. The selection of training methods is an important element in the development of the training process in organizations.

Conduct training. In this, the high authority of Sainsbury organization has to conduct proper training sessions for workers for the achievement of business objectives. Along with this, proper planning should be done by the human resource manager so that the workers can face any problems (Knowles, Holton III, and Swanson, 2014).

TASK 3

3.1

When the managers of Sainsbury Company are applying the training events, then the evaluation is important for the organization. While evaluating training, how much work is completed for the achievement of business goals? Moreover, the employees and workers can also improve their skills and performance so that the company can provide better quality services to customers. The manager has to monitor all the activities which are performed by employees for the evaluation of training sessions. There is a huge responsibility of mine to see and check whether planning is done properly or not and to manage the overall status of the organization. Accordingly, I have to decide strategic roles, decisional roles, and organizational roles to make the organization work properly and enthusiastically. The overall responsibility of the organization is under the manager, and the manager controls the lower-level members, like subordinates and team leadeand the and the group of employees to ensure the criteria of doing work.

Evaluation can determine the effectiveness of training that is provided by the managers to employees for the improvement of their skills. It measures that whether the training program is conducted well for achieving learning outcomes, customer satisfaction, and many more (Luthans et. al., 2010). The company can take feedback from the employees by circulating the questionnaire. Then the employees have to fill out the questionnaire by providing the variable answers if there is any error that occurred in a training session. If proper communication has been established, then the manager can make appropriate decisions for targeting the business objectives properly.

The cited company has to identify qualitative and quantitative results to measure the effectiveness of training. If these results are identified properly, then Sainsbury can easily attain success and can be led in a competitive market. The training method assures accountability and adds more value to the evaluation process.

The evaluation of the plan should use suitable techniques so that the manager can provide training properly. The plan should include Reaction, learning, behavior, and results. The evaluation process will take place when new employees have joined the organization. The manager can also evaluate different training methods with the help of ROI and CIRO.

3.2

Evaluation is a decision-making tool in organizations. On the other side, the evaluation helps the company implement the new changes properly for the achievement of business targets. The top management has to conduct proper training sessions for the employees so that they can give their feedback properly. In Sainsbury company that is conducting the training session has to take feedback from the staff regularly on what they have learned from the learning process (MacArthur et. al., 2014). For analyzing the training session, the members can also do group discussions, which will help them to increase their knowledge and maintain effective communication. For doing the group discussion, the higher authority of Sainsbury organization has to properly conduct training programs so that they will be able to learn about the employee's knowledge and skills. The manager has to evaluate the whole training session at the end and evaluate the learning possible outcomes. The evaluation of the training method will evaluate the own performance of the organization about desired outcomes (McKenzie et. al., 2012). Because of the evaluation process, the whole training process will be designed and planned in the proper way to achieve the targets of the company.  The evolution process takes place when new members are joining the organization. The managers have to provide proper training and development programs so that they can perform well in the organization. The manager of Sainsbury has to provide accurate information to all new employees so that overall performance can be improved. Some methods can be applied, such as return on investment and CIRO. With the help of these methods, I can evaluate the decision in a better manner, which will benefit the organization. The evolution of training events is done with the help of the ROI method. In this method, it determines the specific rate of return through which the manager will get the best result from training. Through this, the manager can measure the performance of employees and appropriately evaluate their efficiency.

3.3

The manager has used different methods to gather information about the evaluation of data. The collection of information can help the Sainsbury company evaluate the training session properly. They can collect information from various sources like interviews, questionnaires, writing tests, and many more. The appropriate method is questionnaires and interviews because, through this, they can properly take the feedback from them. These activities show the actual results of the learning process, which encourages the employees and provides various opportunities. The enterprises need to provide an effective learning session for attaining the success of business operation activities. The proper training session should be provided by a higher authority so the training process can be evaluated easily (Meredith Belbin, 2011). If the proper evaluation is done by the manager by taking the feedback, it will be easy for them to make necessary improvements where required. The proper analysis of whole training session and feedback analysis, then the company can lead in the competitive market. The training has to perform a range of evaluation activities to control the measures of strategies and practices to lead in a competitive market. Along with this, the improvement of logical factors will also provide better outputs of results.  They are using technological methods for the evaluation process to overcome the problem and also they involve lower-level employees like supervisors and lower authorities under his guidance As discussed above, various training sessions should be taken and implemented, and the manager also gives responsibility for other subordinates in the departments to work and in evaluation process implementation, analysis, group dynamics, observance and calculation is there, like implementing the ideas changing them accordingly and analyzing them whether they are relevant or not and finally observation and calculation process. I will use different methods and techniques that will help me gather information from different sources. For that, I will prepare the questionnaire; it is required and necessary. Otherwise, I will collect the information through secondary sources. While using different methods such as ROI and CRIO, the organization will benefit from that, as the manager can select the best method to invest the funds appropriately.

TASK 4

4.1

The UK government plays a crucial role in providing training to workers in organizations. The government aims to remove the barrier to training whichthatrovided by Sainsbury to its employees (Ployhart and Moliterno, 2011). The process of lifelong learning has now become effective and this is the main initiative for government to create opportunities for employees. The training is usually organized by the government to give professional instructors, which ensures that the organization has achieved a minimum level of performance to beat in a competitive market. The government generally aids these retail companies, specifically for the development of the human resource department. Hence, it will also improve the effectiveness of HR in organizations (Steffen et. al., 2015).

Lifelong learning aims to increase the demand for vocational learning. The other one is to provide world-class training so that it can satisfy the needs of the economy. Hence, it will also provide an opportunity for employees in organizations to develop their skills for the achievement of business objectives. Through this, the employees should be updated with their current skills and knowledge. Some schemes have been introduced by the UK government for the following reasons:

• To fill the gap between skills and unemployment.
• To provide opportunities to youth unemployment while providing the proper training to them (Van den Bossche, Segers, and Jansen, 2010).

However, the government takes the responsibility to ensure that the company can reach the minimum level and provide the proper training to employees to attain the success of the company in a competitive market.

4.2

The development of the competency movement has had a great impact on the private and public sectors. However, competency-based performance can evaluate the employee review, which tells the core competencies of job skills in an organization. The workers of Sainsbury have to do their work properly and have to use proper inputs and outputs for the achievement of organizational goals. The manager has to provide effective and better services to customers so that they can retain them for a long period. In the modern era, most companies are spending a large amount so that the company get the new and latest information for the development of products and services. In a competitive market, if the company wants to attain success, then they have to provide better quality services (Werner and De Simone, 2011). Both public and privately held firms are impacted by the development of the competency movement. In organizations, the manager has to provide a positive working environment so that employees get motivated and their efforts will also increase. The organization is spending a huge amount to conduct the activities in a manner that gives fruitful results. Many firms are highly impacted by the development of many rules and regulations.

National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) looks upon the core competence of organizations and was introduced in 1986. This also shows how they will perform against the standard role they require (Honey and Mumford: Learning Style Questionnaire, 2017). This also impacts the culture of employees at work who are from different cultures. Human resource development has been influenced by the public and private sector competency movements.

4.3

The UK government has adopted contemporary training methods to supply the development activities that are related to training and promote economic growth and stability in the country. The training is provided through the vocationally to target the business aspects. The idea of contemporary training is good because it develops the skills and knowledge of trainees in organizations. Through this, they can also provide better training to new employees. The contemporary learning system was initiated by the UK government to strengthen the position of the human resources department in organizations (Human Resource Development: Definition and Importance, 2017). This learning system provides an effective offer in the learning curve. Moreover, it also contributed that the UK government has to take initiatives for the development of human resource departments. With the help of financial resources, the Sainsbury organization can hit its targets in the stipulated period. Through contemporary training, the company has to increase its results. Along with this, the government has different factors, which include the qualitative and qualitative scope for the attainment of business objectives. Lastly, this training method is set the many organizations as well as for workers so that they can work in a dynamic market. It will be easy for them to adopt these trainings in a dynamic environment (The Learning Curve, 2017). The government has to make proper rules and regulations, which will help the organization conduct proper training sessions. The government is contributing by providing useful training to employees. Through this, they will also maintain the quality of the environment, which the employees will retain for a longer period. 

CONCLUSION

From the above report, it can be concluded that Sainsbury is the largest supermarket chain in the retail sector. Human resource development has a crucial role in organizations that increase the learning skills of employees at work. For the cited company, different learning styles are helpful for the improvement of employee performance. The manager has also considered the advantages and disadvantages of the training method so that it will be helpful for them to conduct these training sessions appropriately. Along with this, the government has provided different policies and training sessions in the lifelong learning process for the achievement of business objectives. The learning curve will improve the performance of employees while doing the activities many times.

REFERENCES

• Armstrong, M., and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
• Avey, J.B., and et. al., 2011. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human resource development quarterly. 22(2). pp. 127-152.
• Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Daley, D.M., 2012. Strategic human resource management. Public Personnel Management, pp. 120-125.
• Gennaioli, N., and et. al., 2013. Human capital and regional development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 128(1). pp. 105-164.
• Glover, W.J., and et. al., 2011. Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics. 132(2). pp. 197-213.
• Gruman, J.A., and Saks, A.M., 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review. 21(2). pp. 123-136.
• Guest, D.E., 2011. Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers. Human resource management journal. 21(1). pp. 3-13.
• Jabbour, C.J.C., and et. al., 2013. Environmental management and operational performance in automotive companies in Brazil: the role of human resource management and lean manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 47. pp. 129-140.
• Jiang, K., and et. al., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of Management Journal. 55(6). pp. 1264-1294.
• Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014. The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource

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