Role and Functions of Leaders and Managers in The Organization

SECTION 1

Introduction Of Organisation And Management Structure

Airdri organisation is in existence since 40 years and involved in developing new technologies that will keep its hand dryers and elevated door directions and speech system more efficient then competition. Automation and more and more technology up-gradation is one of the primary objective through which organisation operates (Batalden, Leikanger and Wide, 2017). As Airdri is a medium size operator its operations are managed through scalar chain management system. In this all the subordinates are connected with a superior who guides them and allocate them with their work. To manage all the operations instructions are provided by superiors and subordinates are only the followers at each level in the business.

Role of Manager and Leader and Difference Between Their Roles

Managers:

They are termed as those individuals who are in-charge of certain group to leads functions or departments while performing various activities in an organisation. A manager is responsible for all the performance done by group of employees within organisation. A good manager with management quality influences all the subordinates to achieve targeted objectives. Following are the roles that will be played by managers of Airdri organisation-

Fingurehead:

Managers are termed as head of the operations and act as an welcoming officials to all the subordinates. All the documents involved while performing an activity must be accessed by managers of Airdri (Birasnav, 2014).

Liaison:

As a manager an individual must perform a role of motivator, communicator and encourager of team sprite. All the activities of an organisation is performed are coordinated by mangers to complete them efficiently.

Monitor:

As a manager information regarding all the internal and external business environment must lies with managers so that all the operations can be monitored to improve quality and productivity of Airdri.

Disseminator:

Manager collects all the information from different sources and provides these information to target so that these information can be utilised for profitability of Airdri business.

Spokesman:

A manager plays a role of a spokesman on behalf of organization or a team which is represented by him or her. All the information in relation to managing department is provided by managers only.

Leader:

A manager to become successful must possess quality of a good leader to motivate and influence others to work hard (Dong and Tomlin, 2012). This will help each employee in Airdri organisation to work on their greatest potential and results will be more profitable for business.

Disturbance Handler:

All the corrective actions in relation to managing a team are taken by managers only so that any unforeseen problems can be minimised to an extent that generates in Airdri organisation due to any change.

Resource Allocator:

As manager is available with full information in relation to a particular task then all the resources for that are allocated by managers to enhance efficiency.

Entrepreneur:

A manager must act and think as an entrepreneur while operating various functions in business organisation (Fogliatto, Da Silveira and Borenstein, 2012). When a manager will possess quality of an entrepreneur then problems will be resolved quickly and new idea will be implemented after analysing the whole situation in complete and detailed manner.

Leaders:

A leader is an individual who influences a group of people towards the achievement of goals and objectives by following all the required strategies. In leaders an ability to influence others and guide them to become followers is present with clear vision and ability to make other believes in the idea. While operating various operations in Airdri organisation a leader needs to accomplish following roles-

Planning:

A leader possess all the experience of working in the critical business environment and to deal with uncertainties in technological development in Airdri a leader is always needs to be available with contingency plan (Glaser, Stam and Takeuchi, 2016).

Defining:

A leader must play role for integrating and defining various activities in the organisation on the basis through which personal goals of employees are fulfilled with organisational objectives.

Strategist:

A leader must play role of strategist through which goals and objective of Airdri organisation for introducing high technological goods can be accomplished in planned manner with multi-pal strategies.

Coach:

As a manager an individual who is a leader in the organisation must guide all their followers so that their internal capabilities are used to achieve their personal and professional goals in a well defined manner (Goyal, Levi and Segev, 2016).

Motivator:

A leader accomplish role of motivator by influencing all the followers in such manner that their potential is utilised to the fullest and business objective of Airdri is achieved.

Functions of Manager are as Follows-

Planning:

At this step managers are involved in mapping out the planes to decide what needs to be achieved. For example to accomplish goal for sales will be achieved through more advertising, inventory management and motivating sales staff.

Organizing:

After initiating with a plan all the activities to accomplish the plan will be organised. For this work will be assigned and authority will be granted to appropriate employees of Airdri organisation (Functions of a Manager, 2016).

Staffing:

When planning is done and appropriate authority is granted then at this stage appropriate employee to accomplish that task will be appointed in the Airdri organisation.

Leading:

At this stage after assigning each task to competent employee manager leads the goal and motivate, communicate, guide and encourage the targeted workforce.

Controlling:

A continuous check must be made on the activities of the business so that certainty for success can be enhanced.

Role of Management and Leadership in Relation to Different Situations

In the Morden business environment scenario role of managers and leaders is increasing to a great extent. As managers and leaders plays different roles in order to accomplish each activity in most productive manner. Following are some situations that reflects role of managers and leaders in Airdri organisation.

Adaptation to Technological Change:

Airdri is an organisation which operates with an objective to introduce more and more technological improvements in relation to various products offered. For example a new technology for hand dryers that helps in hairstyling is introduced by the research and development team to management (Kerzner, 2017). Managers and leaders role in relation to this situation is determined with a theory-

• Morden management theory: Businesses like Airdri is facing various challenges to compete in the market due to rapid changes in the technological system. Technology is an opportunity or can hinder business operations. Managers of Airdri in the process to adopt various technological changes will train and manage employees to adopt the changes.
• Behavioural theory: As per this theory employees while working in Airdri organisation will be affected with the behaviour of leaders rather then several characteristics possessed by them. Leaders by implementing motivating skills in their behaviour influence each employee to become adoptive with technological changes that are required for success and to achieve organisational objective (Mena, Humphries and Choi, 2013).

Improvement Through Training Programs:

Another situation that arises the requirement of leaders and managers is initiating with various training programs. As business environment is changing and in relation to cop-up with the changes different training programs needs to be provided to employees that required training. Role of leader and manager in this situation is as follows-

• Human Relation Theory: As per this theory employees productivity will be enhanced through improving level of satisfaction. When employees are trained in effective manner then their performance level will improve and manager will take all the necessary actions so that employees in Airdri are adoptive to training programmes.
• Trait Theory: This is a relationship oriented approach which reflects that leaders in the organisation motivate employees in such manner that they remain in the operations during changes in the training programmes is introduced. Skill to communicate issues in relation to particular training and changes must be developed to minimise hindrance in the training programmes.
• Situational Leadership Theory: As per this theory a manager and leader can react in number of ways to a particular situation. Here a situation is for providing training to employees in organization for enhancing their productivity and making them adaptive to changing environment (Ostadrahimi, Mariño and Afshar, 2012). Technique that will be used by managers and leaders will depend on the complexity involved in a particular situation. A theory that will help employees to involve more and more in training programs and tacking changes in positive manner will be considered to be implemented in the business organization.

Strengths and Weaknesses to Different Approaches of Leadership

Situational Leadership Theory:

Strengths

• It will provide flexibility among managers and leaders to take decision for various organisational issues.
• Helps superiors to create a positive and motivating business environment based on situation for their subordinates.

Weaknesses

• This theory provides solutions for immediate needs rather then long term solutions.
• Flexibility in each situation some times hinders performance of business as no support is received to flexible decisions.

Trait Theory:

Strengths

• Trait theory relies on statistical data and this makes all the decision more viable accurate.
• Decisions taken through trait theory are not biased (Saud, Israni and Goddard, 2014).

Weaknesses

• Future can not be predicted in actual numbers and personality changes are not accounted in trait theory.
• This theory does not reflect how positive traits can be used and negative traits can be minimised.

Behavioral Theory:

Strengths

• This theory supports the idea that leadership can be learned through experience and development.
• New leadership theory is supported to be used in leadership to produce intended results.

Weaknesses

• With learning people can not enact leadership in more appropriate manner.
• Their is lack of knowledge on how behaviour theory is used in cultural contact and situation when applied to an organisation (Song and Panayides, 2012).

Application of “Chaos Theory” and “Management by Objective” to Airdri Organisation

Chaos theory helps to deal with certain systems that are very sensitive in relation to an activity. A very small change may make the system to behave completely different. As per this theory it is curtained that no organisation can completely minimise the effect caused with seemingly random events. Plans that are established by each business organisation helps in achieving business objectives when they are established for short duration. A long term future prediction is not enough in order to attain goals and objectives. As per Chaos theory short term future forecasts are more certain as chances for change in the basis of prediction is high when decisions are accessed in long run. This theory will be applied in Airdri business organisation through leadership. As Chaos theory shows the need for effective leadership for guiding, vision, strong values, organisational beliefs and open communication. Products that are served by Airdri organisation is highly technological and a small change in the technology make huge difference in the organisation success (Spilý, 2014). Through Chaos theory Airdri organisation will make plans that are related to short run and changes will be adopted when takes place in long run.

Management by Objective is an strategic management model that aims to improve performance of an organisation by clearly defining goals and objective that needs to be achieved with management and employees coordination. It is a result oriented process that focuses on setting and controlling goals that needs to be achieved. In this process managers are involved as planners and a detailed plan specifying each task in complete manner is provided in this model. Important task to achieve a particular task is provided concentration by reducing cost and providing more and more opportunities.

In the process of introducing technological changes in Airdri organisation using management by operations goals and objective that needs to be achieved will be elaborated. In the process of technological changes that will take place in management operations is elaborated in detailed manner. When each activity is defined with their level of preference for completion then process of completion with achieving goals and objectives will be achieved in more efficient manner (Uçkun, Botterud and Birge, 2015). This will help Airdri organisation to accomplish goals for future in most productive manner.

SECTION 2

Key Operational Management Functions

Operations management is a branch that deals with operations and processes conducted while performing various activities in the organisation. Managers in Airdri organisation possess following key functions-

Finances:

Operations manager in an organisation ensures that utilisation of finances is done in such manner so that more and more satisfied consumers are received.

• Managers of Airdri organisation ensure that each activity must be available with appropriate budget to accomplish.
• Leaders in the Airdri must ensure that finances at each level are utilised in the most effective manner.

Operations:

While managing all the activities in the Airdri organisation it must be ensured that planning, organising, directing and controlling is done effectively while performing various business activities.

• Managers of Airdri must ensure that all the operations are performed in accurate manner.
• Leaders motivate employees of Airdri to accomplish goals and objective in the most appropriate manner.

Strategy:

A effective planning tactics will be used by operations manager so that supply, sales and optimum utilisation of human resources and many more can be introduced.

• Manager must design business strategy in Airdri so that goals and objectives can be achieved.
• Leader in Airdri must evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy so that each activity can be accomplished accurately.

Forecasting:

On the basis of business performance and current market conditions with future expectations estimation is made in relation to demand and supply of products served by Airdri organisation.

• Mangers must forecast on the basis of present performances and future expectations from employees in Airdri.
• Leaders supports business organisation to accomplish all the requirements to perform on the plans designed on forecasted basis.

Key Approaches of Operations Management

There are few common method that are part of management and operation that enables manager to reach desired objective to increase efficiency of business. In Airdri, manager applies some main approaches that can bring skilfulness and improve attribute of goods. This also let them to save costs and use each resource in respective manner to gain profitability.

Lean Manufacturing:

It is a technique which can enable Airdri improve efficiency and achieve maximum efficiency of development activities (Zabalza and Matey, 2012). This is a process that takes into account the concept of reducing waste and steadily increasing business activity efficiency. The Lean production as it involves organization's output role and also has five concepts is a further title of this methods:

• Consumers Prospective- Quality in this case means investors ' willingness to reimburse for their goods. Value is produced by business and supplied by customers in accordance with their specifications and requirements. Airdri managers can eliminate goods that their intended audience does not require and work on more needed products. In many other waste reduction activities they can therefore use these resources.
• Map the Value Stream- The idea is reflected in the way to generating value in order to know much more about necessary resources by the organization. Managers of respective firm will determine and see how assets are needed to manufacture goods that the customer requires and is expected to pay for these goods.
• Build Flow- This idea has to do with the smooth operation within company. Now management attempts to create an efficient stream of the Airdri activities while removing the excess and defining interest. This movement contributes to harmonization of company culture and is very good for the development of businesses (Grant, Trautrims and Wong, 2017).
• Develop Pull System- The method is guided by just-in-time theory, which states that when firms submit shipments, manufactured goods and other products should be gathered. According to a pushing system the method is reliable and cost-effective.
• Kaizen- That's the last theory of lean production predicated on the idea of daily product development and product quality. Which can be accomplished by recognizing and reducing excess underlying causes of quality problems.

Just-in-Time (JIT):

It is a system tool that is used to manage inventory in business organisation as per demand and supply relation existed among consumers. As Airdri is serving goods that are highly technological and cost of the products are more then moderate price. More amount of inventory with business organisation will leads to blockage of finances that can be utilised in some other productive resources. Forecasting demand as per marketing conditions and providing goods to demanding consumers will help in minimising operating cost of the business and maximise profits through effective operations management.

Total Quality Management (TQM):

Quality is a tool that leads to achieve success in the competitive business environment. As Airdri organisation is dealing in electronic goods and innovation keeps on changing the products. With innovation managers must ensure that level of quality is upgrading day-by-day so that larger consumer group can be influenced with quality products served by Airdri. TQM is a consumer based approach that is used by large number of business organisations focused on serving their consumers in best manner so that target success cab be achieved in long run.

Evaluation of Internal Environmental Factors

A business is operated in an environment and deals with factors that are present within the organisation and outside the business environment. Factors that are termed as internal affects business organisation internally and no other business in the industry is effected with internal business factors. For Airdri organisation some of the internal factors that affects business activities are as follows-

Employees:

Human resource is termed as the driving source for an organisation and helps each business organisation to sustain and achieve goals and objectives. Leaders and managers in an organisation while taking any decision in relation to Airdri for present and future is influenced with opinion possessed by workforce. All the major decisions in an organisation is taken by considering human resource as they are the only one who are going to implement the required decisions for business success.

Organisational Culture:

Organisation culture is a factor that supports decision taken by managers and leaders while working in Airdri. Changes that are required to be made to implement improved technology must get adopted thorough organisation culture. Managers and leaders while taking a business decision must consider organisational culture so that application can be made more effectively.

Evaluation of External Environmental Factors

External environmental factors are those that affects operations of all the organisation operating in the industry. Factors that affects Airdri organisation are as follows-

Political:

These factors are based on rules and regulations made by government in relation to business organisation specially deals in electronic products. BREXIT is one of the recent change in the political stability in UK that leads managers and leaders of Airdri to find ways to cop-up with changes (Zharov, 2019).

Economic:

These factors possess positive and negative impact on the performance of an business organisation. Economic factors such as foreign exchange rate, employment rate and fluctuation in the cost of raw material may impact performance of all the organisation competing with Airdri.

Social:

This factor helps in identifying emerging trends in the business environment and helps in satisfying consumers with their needs and wants. Current trends, education level and adaptation to lifestyle change is a tool that helps Airdri organisation to introduce changes in the product offered.

Technological:

As Airdri organisation deals in electronic industry and technological development and innovation keeps on changing the business environment and competition available their in. together with adaptation to changes in digital technology new methods of distribution and manufacturing must be adopted to become more and more competent.

Improvement of Operational Efficiency in Managers and Leaders

There are number of methods that are adopted by managers and leaders in Airdri organisation in process to improve operational efficiency. Some of the methods for improvement are as follows-

Methods for Leaders to Improving Operational Efficiency-

• Leaders can use motivational tool in such manner so that employees operating at different level in Airdri operates with greatest efficiency and achieve the required goals and objectives.
• Leaders must make all the efforts to minimise conflicts takes place at different levels of operations.
• All scalar chain designed for Airdri organisation must reflect most productive results.

Methods For Managers to Improving Operational Efficiency-

• All the operations that are required to be performed to attain target must be present in well defined manner so that collective working of the organisation can be improved.
• Manager must assess personal and professional requirement of all the employees performing in the business organisation. These requirements must be accomplished by manager so that employees efficiency can be enhanced to accomplish organisational goals and objectives.

Also read:- Managing Workforce Engagement and Commitment

CONCLUSION

This section of the project elaborates regarding roles that played by managers and leaders while working in an organisation. Through role and functions of managers and leaders it has been analysed that both individuals have a positive impact on success of business activities so that target can be achieved as per plans. Managers and leaders leads to manage and motivate human resources of business so that they can perform to the fullest and efficiency of organisation as a whole is maximised to targeted levels. These two individuals to work effectively in future business environment needs to adopt all the skills and competence that are required to survive in long run. Theories that are used for leadership helps in enhancing qualities of a leader and employees of the organisation are motivated to become more and more efficient while performing their goals and objectives in more appropriate manner. Managers and leaders plays different roles when situations arises in a business organisation and different theories are used to resolve the situational conflicts. When managers and leaders perform a business operation together to bring positive results then success is more certain. Get more details about assignment help from our experts.

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