Cultural Diversity And Healthcare

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Factors in Multi-Cultural Community That Influence Health Care Delivery

A multicultural community refers to something that incorporates people having differences in their thoughts, beliefs, cultural background, and country of origin. Wolverhampton is a metropolitan city located in central England and consists of a multicultural community. However, the majority of the population in this city is facing health issues and it is one of the 20% most deprived cities. This is the main reason behind the health issues and backwardness in health care faced by the population of Wolverhampton (Chiu, 2016). But apart from this, there are certain complex factors that affect the health care delivery which are explained below:-

Genetic:- There are a number of factors that cause human disease but apart from this family history is one of the major risk factors for some diseases like diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric illness. Genetics is one of the major factors that influence health care delivery. Diseases that are hereditary don't have any definitive cure and these disorders require lifelong medical attention, symptomatic therapy, and expensive supportive specialist care (Alkema and et. al., 2016). This influences the health care delivery as around 30% of children belong to low-income families in Wolverhampton and they can't afford such expensive as well as long term medical treatment.

Apart from this another major issue faced by healthcare professionals while providing treatment to patients is that medicines may provide some negative reaction to the patient's body due to some hereditary factor present in them  (Coates, 2017). These factors may not accept a particular treatment or drug which worsens the health issue of the patient when these genetic factors are not known to the doctor. In addition to this when the medical history of a patient's family is known to doctors this will create a significant burden on the health care delivery system as they have to avoid certain drugs while servicing them.

Ethnic:- It refers to the group of people that belong to and are identified with some common similarities such as ancestry, habit, history, society, culture, and nature. These factors are the root of health differences among people. People who live in Wolverhampton belong to different societies, cultures, or regions which creates several different issues related to health care. Apart from this social beliefs related to the disease and treatment also influence the proper healthcare delivery. Everyone has certain beliefs that originate from the family or community in which people live that sometimes restrict people from getting adequate treatment or expressing their illness properly.

Apart from this ethnic groups also share common behaviors that influence health care delivery. These behavior factors include diet, exercise, smoking, and intake of alcohol which may create chronic diseases. People belonging to Wolverhampton city have low-income people that influence their dietary habits which is the main cause of health issues faced by the citizens of that district (Cooper, Evans, and Pybis, 2016). This creates several issues in front of medical professionals while providing treatment to patients. As for recovering from a health issue, a proper diet is required to be taken by patients, and avoidance of unhealthy dietary habits may make the situation worsen. This is the major factor that influences adequate health care delivery.

Cultural background:- Culture refers to the pattern of custom, belief, idea, or behavior shared by a society or group of people. Culture highly influences health as it affects the perception of people's illness, death, health, beliefs about causes behind diseases, and how illness or pain is to be expressed and experienced. Both patients as well as health professionals are influenced by their respective cultures. As people of Wolverhampton believe in a historically dominant culture which sometimes restricts people from taking medical treatment from health professionals.

Apart from this language is also one of the major cultural factors which affects the delivery of health services (Deters,  Gao, 2014). As people of Wolverhampton belong to different cultures have a difference in their language that creates a barrier while having interaction between patients and healthcare professionals which creates confusion among them. This will not be able to deliver the positive result of treatment and sometimes patients may not be able to express their illness or problem accurately to the doctor which influences the delivery of healthcare services. 

Attributes of Healthwatch Team in Wolverhampton Serve to Enhance Community Health And Social Care Provision

 Healthwatch Wolverhampton is an independent consumer champion that works toward delivering health & social care to the community. It provides an opportunity for people to speak out about health care priorities and their concerns as well as work toward providing health related information. Following are some attributes of Healthwatch team works in Wolverhampton that contribute toward enhancing the health and social care provision:-

Advice & guidance:- Healthwatch evaluates and tries to provide information related to the rights of consumers in relation to health and social care services. This helps in developing awareness related to the rights of consumers who take healthcare services which supports in avoiding any faulty practices that are not in the interest of the patient. Apart from this it also advises on enforcing these rights that help in achieving better health care services. People who live in Wolverhampton belong to different cultures and diversity which is the main cause behind unawareness about consumer rights among the people (Dickinson and Carey, 2016). So, the Healthwatch team works toward promoting awareness about consumer rights related to health care. This helps in enhancing the health and social care provision of the community by developing the knowledge related to rights that eliminates the chances of exploitation.

Engagement & Consultation:- Healthwatch engages people by organizing various events, meetings, and avenues in order to gather information related to healthcare facilities and services from local people. It organises an event related to Pharmacy awareness in order to create knowledge about commonly used drugs and the role that people must play within urgent care. This helps in developing awareness related to the services offered by pharmacies that can be implemented by local people at times of urgency when medical help is unavailable. This further support in improving the community health and social care issues. It develops an understanding of the common medicines or cures that can be used by people to improve their health which helps in minimizing health issues. As people can cure their illness at the initial stage that eliminates the chances of worsening the health issues due to avoidance of symptoms or not opting for proper treatment.  

Influence and involvement:- It also works toward determining the health issues faced by the local people and tries to identify the reason behind this. Further, it also works toward analysing the needs of people related to health and social care services as well as the experience that local people have related to these services (Glasby and Dickinson, 2014). This assists in collecting information related to the health issues faced by the local people and what are the factors that are the main reason behind those issues. Apart from this it also determines the changes that are required to be implemented in health care practices for promoting healthy well-being and to enhance the community health and social care.

Scrutiny and reporting:- Healthwatch Wolverhampton seeks to affect the decision-maker by engaging the stakeholders in various practices. HWW plays an essential role in the Health & Well-being Board, CCG Governing Body, and RWT Board. So Healthwatch creates reports in order to inform these authorities about the issues faced by local people and the causes behind them. In addition to this, it also provides recommendations for improvements that are required to be made in order to promote healthy well-being. Apart from this Healthwatch also held regular meetings with the Care Quality Commission in order to provide information to them and discuss issues identified while interacting with local people.

These are major attributes of the Healthwatch team that help in enhancing the health and social well-being of Wolverhampton as the majority population of the city is suffering from various health-related issues mainly in children (Harvey, Hornsby and Sattar, 2015). The main reason behind this is around 30% of children belong to low-income families which can't afford expensive treatments. This is because Wolverhampton is one of the 20% deprived districts as it is super-diversified with a high population rate. This city consists of around 260000 residents who speak different languages and belong to different parts of the world. There are almost 88 languages that are spoken in the country. Around 35.5% of the population has grown up in the Black and Minority Ethnic(BAME) community 20.5% population has form disability as well as 16% of people belong to the UK and the majority is of the younger population (Wolverhampton in Profile, 2018).  Hence, the increasing number of people from various regions is the main cause behind the poverty that creates health issues among individuals. Apart from this differences in culture, beliefs related to illness, and genetic differences are some of the major factors that create health issues within the society. 

Importance of Leadership in Healthwatch

Leadership refers to the set of actions that are performed by a person in order to lead, influence, or guide a group of people in an organisation and align their performance toward the achievement of a common goal  (Huguet, 2014). It is a very essential factor that must be considered by the Healthwatch team of Wolverhampton in order to improve the health and social care-related experience of the community. By promoting positive leadership Healthwatch will be able to develop and maintain a better multi-disciplinary team that provide a better social care services. Multi-disciplinary team refers to a group of people that belong to different professional disciplinary and are experts in their field. By managing proper dynamics Healthwatch will be able to exert better health care services to the people that are suffering from different sorts of illnesses. Effective leadership helps in promoting coordination between teams that integrate knowledge from different fields which promotes a better understanding of the cause behind a particular disease. This helps in providing better decision-making and enhancing the health & social care services for the welfare of the community.

Therefore, it can be considered that leadership plays an essential role in improving the outcome of services related to social care as well as the experience that customers have from these services. The following points describe the impact that leadership has over multi-disciplinary teams:-

Quality services:- There are five major elements that are essential in providing better care services which are inspiration, aligned objectives, support, enabling team members, and higher employment engagement (Hurlburt and et. al., 2014). These factors can be achieved through adopting an appropriate leadership style. Leaders play an essential role in influencing and motivating their followers to perform work effectively in order to achieve their objectives. By effective leadership activities  Healthwatch can motivate its multi-disciplinary team to work coordinate and support their team members in their work. This helps in building positive relations among team members and also enhances their morale which in turn will support in providing better services to the people of   Wolverhampton.

Accomplishment of objectives:- Leadership promotes teamwork by building an environment of trust and coordination. That will assist team members in performing their tasks effectively and as per the planning. By using better leadership skills Healthwatch will be able to motivate its multi-disciplinary team to work and coordinate toward the accomplishment of a common goal i.e. promoting healthy well-being (Palinkas and et. al., 2014). When the team gets proper guidance they will be clear about the actions they have to perform in order to accomplish their goals. This helps in reducing conflicts among the team members as each individual is clear about the set of actions they have to perform. It further supports accomplishing goals effectively and in a timely manner as well as duplication of work will also be avoided. This in turn will support Healthwatch in providing better services to the community.

Ensure better care to patients:- Effective leadership will help Healthwatch promote a working environment where functions performed by multi-disciplinary team are in an ethical manner that promotes better care to patients. Leaders identify various resources required by their team members in order to make them available at the time of delivering services. Apart from this they also assess the areas that require improvement and try to motivate their team members to bring those changes. Leaders formulate an action plan according to the activities to be performed in order to achieve the desired goal this helps in guiding the team members about the activities they are required to perform. This helps in removing the chances of conflicts among team members and further supports in providing them a path to work on which assists in the management of time. This in turn will support in delivering better services in a timely manner. These all are the actions that a leader of Healthwatch is required to perform in order to ensure better care to patients.

These all are impacts that are experienced by effective leadership over a multi-disciplinary team of Healthwatch. As an effective multi-disciplinary team will contribute toward promoting an effective treatment and care being by professionals that work coordinate with their specialist knowledge and skills. Further, it also supports developing knowledge among patients that helps them in the future to cope with their situation when these facilities are not available to them (Temby and et. al., 2015). In addition to this effective leadership will also help in achieving better data collection that further supports in formulating better decisions related to bringing changes in current health care services to promote the betterment of society. Apart from this multi-disciplinary team is an essential part of Healthwatch that supports improving and promoting better health care services. The following are the attributes of an effective multi-disciplinary team:

• MDT is a collaboration of people belonging to different professional backgrounds which promotes better quality outcomes. This professional integration provides a better understanding and awareness of various actions that can be taken according to the characteristics and situation of the patient(Vander Laenen, 2014). This attribute of MDT supports in providing better treatment to the people of Wolverhampton City.
• Another major attribute of this team is that it helps in promoting good communication between primary, secondary, and territory care. This helps in integrating services of these sectors that provide an opportunity to patients for getting high-quality and relevant clinical trials.
• MDT team believes in working with more information which is beneficial for both individual patient as well as also support for the purpose of research and audit.
• Effective MDT will help in promoting a healthy and positive working environment that motivates staff members to exert quality of services to the community which in turn will provide better accomplishment of goals related to the welfare of society.
• One of the major attributes of an effective MDT team is it focuses on the optimum utilisation of resources related to health care in order to deliver better care services along with limiting the wastage of resources.

These all are the characteristics that an effective multi-disciplinary team has that support in promoting better care to society. The primary goal of MDT is to provide better care to patients by identifying the health care needs of individuals through arranging proper coordination among them. In addition to this, they also focus on analysing the medical history of patients to provide them with better care by considering each and every factor related to their current situation as well as their last health issues (Willis, 2017). This helps in eliminating the other health-related issues as some people have some hereditary issues that if ignored may worsen the situation of the patient.  In addition to this, it also supports providing the treatment that a patient wants and helps in accomplishing their goals by getting relief from their illness.

Apart from patient goals, there are some other goals that a multi-disciplinary team has and tries to achieve from their practices including professional goals as well as organisational goals. A multi-disciplinary team is a group of professional experts that have certain goals and objectives related to their career enhancement. These may or may not be favorable to patients these include actions that are performed in order to achieve certain professional status or to move toward greater autonomy. In addition to this, there are certain organisational goals that the MDT team is required to consider while performing their task as it provides benefit to both organisation as well as staff members ( Hyde-Dryden, 2014).

Hence, multi-disciplinary teams work toward achieving the objective which is the integration of patient, professional, and organisational goals that direct the cations of the team. These all contribute toward promoting better health and social care to patients further contributing toward the development of the Wolverhampton city.

CONCLUSION

From the above report, it can be concluded that multicultural communities have a huge impact on the health-related issues and beliefs of people toward illness or disease. As thoughts, beliefs, norms, and cultural background of an individual affect the delivery of healthcare services. Apart from this multi-disciplinary team plays an essential role in delivering better care services as it is a group of people that belong to different professional backgrounds which provides a better knowledge integration.

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REFERENCES

Alkema, L. and et. al., 2016. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. The Lancet. 387(10017). pp.462-474.

Chiu, I. H. Y., 2016. Power and accountability in the EU financial regulatory architecture: examining inter-agency relations, agency independence, and accountability. In Regulating and Supervising European Financial Markets (pp. 67-101). Springer, Cham.

Coates, D., 2017. Working with families with parental mental health and/or drug and alcohol issues where there are child protection concerns: interagency collaboration. Child & Family Social Work. 22. pp.1-10.

Cooper, M., Evans, Y. and Pybis, J., 2016. Interagency collaboration in children and young people's mental health: a systematic review of outcomes, facilitating factors and inhibiting factors. Child: care, health and development. 42(3). pp.325-342.

Deters, P. et al., 2014. Theorizing and analyzing agency in second language learning: Interdisciplinary approaches (Vol. 84). Multilingual Matters.

Dickinson, H. and Carey, G., 2016. Managing and leading in inter-agency settings 2e. Policy Press.

Glasby, J. and Dickinson, H., 2014. Partnership working in health and social care: what is integrated care and how can we deliver it? Policy Press.

Harvey, J. H., Hornsby, R. A. and Sattar, Z., 2015. Disjointed service: an English case study of multi-agency provision in tackling child trafficking. British journal of criminology. 55(3). pp.494-513.

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